Retina

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The retina is a very thin layer of tissue that lines the inner part of the back of the eye and functions like the film of a camera. As light enters the eye and lands on the retina, nerve impulses are triggered and sent to the visual centers of the brain through the optic nerve. The macula is the most specialized area of this retina tissue and allows us to have detailed, central vision. This is the vision that allows us to read, watch television, and recognize faces. It is within this specific area of tissue that many patients present with eye disease that requires special care. There are two types of photoreceptor cells within the retina: rods and cones. Rods provide black-and-white vision and function mostly in dim light. Cones provide the perception of color and function daytime vision.

The vitreous of the eye is a clear, gel-like substance that fills the center of the eye, similar to air filling a balloon. It accounts for about two-thirds of the eye’s volume, and is the matter that maintains the shape of the eye. Without the vitreous, the eye would in a sense "deflate." The vitreous needs to be clear for light to pass through it and reach the retina. If there are problems within this gel, visual complications will result. Common, minor problems can be floaters, which is a common ailment where a patient experiences small spots ‘floating’ in their vision. These are sometimes described as ‘cobwebs’ or little ‘bugs’ seen in their vision. However, there can be more serious problems that occur in the vitreous, such as bleeding.

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  What are floaters & flashes?

Floaters are small specks, fibers, or bug-like objects that may appear to move in front of your eye. At times they may appear like a veil or cloud moving in the vision. They are frequently seen when looking at a blank wall or blue sky. Floaters are actually tiny clumps of gel or cellular debris within the jelly-like (vitreous) that fills the inside of the eye.

Flashes are brief streaks of light that are usually seen off to the side, especially at night when you turn your head or eyes. Flashes are caused by vitreous gel pulling on the retina with eye movement.

What do these symptoms mean?

Although many people have occasional floaters or flashes of light, the sudden onset of many new floaters with or without flashes is an important sign of abnormal pulling on the retina by the vitreous. In some instances, the retina tears and may cause blindness from detachment of the retina.

What should be done about these symptoms?
The most important step is to have a thorough dilated eye examination. The eye doctor will check for the presence of a tear in the retina. If a tear is found, laser or cryopexy is usually recommended to decrease the chances of blindness from retinal detachment. If a retinal detachment is found, more extensive surgery is required in attempt to repair it.

What should I be on the lookout for?
After examination or treatment, any new floaters or any loss of side vision should be reported to the doctor without delay. Sometimes, new tears or a retinal detachment can occur at a later date after the examination.

Diseases pertaining to the retina: 
      Diabetic Retinopathy 

      Macular Degeneration

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